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Jamaica
| Indicator |
Ca. 1994 |
Ca. 2004 |
| Total population |
2,468,000 |
2,641,600 |
| Average population growth rate |
1.1 |
0.6 |
| Total fertility rate |
2.9 |
2.8 |
| % births with skilled attendants |
NA |
97.8 |
| GNI per capita PPP |
NA |
3490 |
| Mortality |
| Infant mortality per 1000 live births |
27.0 |
19.0 |
| Life expectancy males |
69.25 |
70.94 |
| Life expectancy females |
72.65 |
75.58 |
| Maternal mortality ratio |
120 |
106.2 |
| Education |
| Primary enrollment (net) males |
95.4 |
99.8 |
| Primary enrollment (net) females |
95.9 |
96.6 |
| Secondary enrollment (net) males |
70.1 |
79.3 |
| Secondary enrollment (net) females |
78.9 |
82.8 |
| Reproductive health |
| Births per 1000 women aged 15-19 |
23.7 (1989) |
20.46 |
| Contraceptive prevalence – |
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| Contraceptive prevalence – modern methods |
50.8 |
62.8 |
| HIV prevalence rate (%) (15-24) females |
0.63 |
1.74 |
Laws enacted
- DV Act (1995),
- Incest Punishment Act,
- Family Property Act,
- Sexual Harassment Act (drafted);
- Child Care and Protection Act (draft).
Policies Implemented
- Especially in programmes targeting youth/ adolescents; Government support to Declaration of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (UNFPA Caribbean Youth Summit 1995).
- National Strategic Plan for RH includes Adolescent RH programme; youth friendly and community outreach programmes; National Centre for Youth Development
- Compulsory education for all between ages 6 and 11;
- HEART Trust provision of technical and vocational training to extend programmes available; special outreach programmes for the poor in rural areas to increase school attendance.
- 1997: National Policy on Senior Citizens. Policy is based on a philosophy of ‘productive ageing’, which promotes independence, care, participation, self-fulfillment and dignity.
Partnerships established
- Interagency Campaign against Violence Against Women and Girls (since 1999); CAFRA and Women Inc.: Programme on domestic violence intervention for police; several workshops conducted by Bureau of Women’s Affairs to sensitise various sectors.
- PMTCT programme; IEC through mass media; use of peer educators; strengthened reporting and monitoring mechanisms; successful public-private partnerships resulting in reduced costs for antiretrovirals; strengthening of rapid testing, counseling and condom distribution.
- Personal Choice Programme: Incorporate private sector in family planning services provision
- Public-private partnerships for the provision of services; emergency contraception (since 2003) and female condoms available.
- HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Programmes; ongoing IEC in health centres and hospitals; Community Peer Education; IEC: Collaboration with various stakeholders; establishment of National Task Force on HIV/AIDS; PMTCT pilot projects (2000); appointment of HIV/AIDS co-ordinator for schools by Ministry of Education.
- Strong emphasis on outreach and direct contact; peer educators and outreach workers; strong multi-agency collaboration including public, private sector and NGOs.
- Education programs: HIV/AIDS and STD safe sex campaigns: Ministry of Health in collaboration with ‘Sound System Association’: ‘safe sex dances’: recordings to advocate condom use and safe sex; National Family Planning Board (NFPB): promotion of FP; Bureau of Women’s Affairs: sensitisation programs for both sexes.
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